The Air Gas Company's Gas Encyclopaedia is a complete guide that provides detailed information, safety rules, material compatibility tips, and various uses for more than 60 different gas compounds. This resource is indispensable across research, industrial, and healthcare sectors within the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and beyond.
Designed for professionals ranging from process engineers to research scientists and safety specialists, our encyclopedia provides the requisite information for robust system design, experimental planning, and rigorous risk assessments, ensuring the safe and effective utilization of industrial gases in accordance with international and local regulatory frameworks.
Table of Contents
1. Safety Classifications
Each entry includes explicit safety classifications aligned with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) and supplemented with adherence to Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) requirements where applicable. This ensures compliance with local health, safety, and environmental regulations while providing critical data for hazard communication and emergency preparedness.
Primary Safety Hazards
Additional Safety Hazards
2. Material Compatibility
Detailed material compatibility data is provided to help users select the appropriate components for gas handling systems. This resource provides comprehensive information on suitable metals, elastomers, plastics, and lubricants while considering both the chemical properties of the gases and the operational parameters. Special consideration is given to materials that comply with SASO standards for critical applications, which ensures system integrity and longevity in the industrial landscape of Saudi Arabia.
Metals & Alloys
Elastomers
Lubricants
Plastics
3. Industry Applications
The encyclopaedia outlines the multifaceted applications of industrial gases across a spectrum of industries, including petrochemicals, metallurgy, pharmaceuticals, electronics, and food processing. Each application is supported by real-world examples and technical specifications, which provide practical insights into optimizing gas utilization for enhanced operational efficiency and product quality.
Healthcare & Medical
Food & Beverage
Electronics & Semiconductors
Chemical Manufacturing
Oil & Gas
Metal Production
Research & Laboratory
4. Featured Molecules
Explore an extensive database of molecular compounds, with each compound detailed by its physical properties, thermodynamic characteristics, and advanced handling precautions. Our intuitive interface allows users to conduct precise searches by molecule name, chemical formula, or specific application, thereby streamlining access to vital information for informed decision-making.
Fundamental Industrial Gases
Specialty & Noble Gases
Hydrocarbon Gases
Chemical Compounds
5. Gas Delivery & Safety
While the encyclopedia mainly covers gas properties and uses, it also offers essential information about how to design and run gas delivery systems, including tips for storage, piping, and pressure control. Further specialised guidance on system design and implementation can be obtained through direct consultation.
Understanding gas hazards is fundamental to safe handling and storage. Air Gases Company provides comprehensive safety information aligned with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals.
Primary Safety Hazards
Adherence to global chemical classification standards is paramount for ensuring workplace and environmental safety. Air Gases Company meticulously classifies all products in accordance with the Globally Harmonized System (GHS) of Classification and Labelling of Chemicals, aligning with Saudi Arabian Standards Organization (SASO) requirements to mitigate risks effectively. Below are key hazard categories and their respective GHS pictograms:
GHS06: Acute Toxicity
Substances that can cause fatal or severe health effects upon short-term exposure through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion, even in minimal quantities.
GHS05: Corrosive
Materials capable of causing irreversible skin burns, severe eye damage, or corrosion to metals and other critical infrastructure upon direct contact.
GHS02: Flammable
Gases, liquids, or solids that possess the capability to ignite readily and sustain combustion, thereby presenting substantial fire and explosion risks under ambient conditions.
GHS04: Gas Under Pressure
Compressed, liquefied, or dissolved gases stored under high pressure, posing risks of explosion upon exposure to heat or causing severe cryogenic injuries due to rapid expansion and cooling.
Additional Safety Hazards
GHS09: Hazardous to Environment
Substances toxic to aquatic life or that may cause long-lasting environmental damage requiring special disposal procedures
GHS07: Health Hazards
Materials causing irritation, drowsiness, allergic reactions, or other health effects that are less severe but still significant
GHS03: Oxidising
Substances that may cause or intensify fire, or cause combustion of other materials by releasing oxygen
GHS08: Serious Health Hazard
Materials that may cause cancer, genetic defects, reproductive harm, organ damage, or respiratory sensitization
Material Compatibility: Metals
Selecting the right metal for gas handling equipment is critical for safety, longevity, and performance. Different gases react differently with various metals, and factors like temperature, pressure, and purity levels all influence compatibility. When considering materials, it's essential to consult established guidelines, such as those provided by the Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO), to ensure compliance and optimal performance in diverse industrial applications.
Detailed metal specifications and their compatibility matrices for various industrial gases are available in the expanded section below.
This lightweight, corrosion-resistant metal excels in many applications, forming a protective oxide layer in air. However, it can be incompatible with strong bases and certain halogenated compounds.
Brass
This copper-zinc alloy provides good machinability and moderate corrosion resistance. Avoid its use with ammonia and acetylene, which can lead to stress corrosion cracking.
Carbon Steel
Known for its strength and durability, carbon steel is widely used in heavy industrial equipment. Careful consideration for corrosion prevention is essential, especially with certain gases.
Copper
Offering excellent thermal conductivity and corrosion resistance for many gases, copper is unsuitable for acetylene due to the potential formation of explosive copper acetylides.
Stainless Steel
Highly valued for superior corrosion resistance and strength, stainless steel is a versatile choice for gas system components, particularly in demanding environments and high-purity applications.
Specialized Metal Alloys
Ferritic Steel
Cost-effective option for many industrial gas applications. Susceptible to corrosion in moist environments and with acidic gases.
Monel
Nickel-copper alloy with exceptional resistance to corrosion, particularly in marine and chemical processing environments. Excellent for fluorine service.
Stainless Steel
Versatile and widely used for gas systems. Various grades available for different applications, from standard 304 to specialized alloys for extreme conditions.
Material Compatibility: Elastomers
Elastomers provide critical sealing functions in gas handling systems. The right elastomer choice prevents leaks, maintains system integrity, and ensures long service life. Chemical compatibility, temperature range, and permeability are key selection factors.
Butyl Rubber (IIR)
Excellent impermeability to gases and outstanding resistance to heat, ozone, and weathering. Ideal for vacuum applications and systems requiring low gas permeation rates.
Chloroprene (Neoprene)
Good balance of properties including oil resistance, flexibility, and stability. Widely used in general-purpose applications with moderate chemical exposure.
Ethylene-Propylene (EPDM)
Excellent resistance to heat, ozone, and weathering. Compatible with many oxidizing chemicals but not suitable for petroleum-based products.
Fluoroelastomers (FKM)
Superior chemical and temperature resistance. The go-to choice for aggressive chemicals, high temperatures, and demanding applications requiring long-term reliability.
More Elastomer Options
Nitrile Rubber (NBR)
Excellent oil and fuel resistance makes NBR popular in automotive and industrial applications. Good abrasion resistance and moderate cost. Temperature range typically -40°C to +108°C.
Perfluoroelastomers (FFKM)
The ultimate in chemical resistance, compatible with virtually all chemicals and gases. Operates at extreme temperatures from -15°C to +327°C. Premium performance at premium cost.
Polyurethane (PU)
Outstanding abrasion resistance and mechanical properties. Excellent for dynamic sealing applications. Good resistance to oils, fuels, and oxygen but limited chemical resistance.
Silicone (VMQ)
Exceptional temperature range from -55°C to +232°C. Excellent flexibility and compression set resistance. Limited chemical resistance but ideal for extreme temperature applications.
Material Compatibility: Lubricants
Proper lubrication is essential for valve operation, thread sealing, and moving parts in gas systems. However, lubricant selection must account for chemical compatibility, temperature extremes, and safety considerations including flammability and oxygen compatibility.
Lubricant Types
Fluorocarbon-Based Lubricants
Perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and other fluorinated lubricants offer exceptional chemical inertness and thermal stability. Safe for oxygen service and compatible with aggressive chemicals. Non-flammable and stable across wide temperature ranges from -90°C to +288°C. Higher cost but essential for demanding applications.
Hydrocarbon-Based Lubricants
Traditional petroleum-based greases and oils are cost-effective for many general applications. Good lubrication properties and widely available. However, they are flammable and incompatible with oxygen service, strong oxidizers, and many reactive gases. Temperature range typically -40°C to +177°C depending on formulation.
Material Compatibility: Plastics
Plastics offer advantages including corrosion resistance, light weight, transparency, and cost-effectiveness. Modern engineering plastics can handle demanding gas applications when properly selected for the specific service conditions.
Polyamide (PA/Nylon)
Strong, tough, and abrasion-resistant with good chemical resistance to many solvents and fuels. Absorbs moisture which can affect dimensions and properties.
Polycarbonate (PC)
Excellent impact strength and optical clarity. Good temperature resistance up to 135°C. Not suitable for strong bases, aromatic hydrocarbons, or ketones.
Polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE)
Excellent chemical resistance and very low gas permeability. Maintains properties at cryogenic temperatures. More rigid than PTFE with better creep resistance.
Additional Plastic Materials
Polypropylene (PP)
Excellent chemical resistance, low cost, and good mechanical properties. Lightweight and resistant to fatigue. Operating temperature up to 100°C.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE/Teflon)
Outstanding chemical resistance to virtually all chemicals. Non-stick properties and wide temperature range -200°C to +260°C. Industry standard for demanding applications.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Cost-effective with good chemical resistance to acids, bases, and salts. Rigid PVC for piping, flexible PVC for tubing. Temperature limit around 60°C.
Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF)
Excellent chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Higher temperature capability than PVC up to 150°C. Outstanding weatherability and UV resistance.
Industry Applications
Air Gases Company serves diverse industries worldwide, providing specialized gas solutions tailored to each sector's unique requirements. Our encyclopedia helps you identify the right gases for your specific applications.
Key Industry Sectors
Aeronautics
Specialised gases for aircraft manufacturing, testing, and maintenance, including helium for leak detection, nitrogen for inerting fuel tanks, and calibration gases for instrumentation.
Automotive
Welding gases, heat treatment atmospheres, airbag inflation gases, and emissions testing calibration standards supporting vehicle manufacturing and quality control.
Beverage
Carbon dioxide for carbonation, nitrogen for dispensing and packaging, and food-grade gases ensure product quality and extended shelf life in the beverage industry.
Chemical Industry Applications
Chemicals Manufacturing
The chemical industry relies on industrial gases as both raw materials and processing aids. Hydrogen serves as a key feedstock for ammonia synthesis and hydrogenation reactions. Oxygen enables partial oxidation processes and wastewater treatment. Nitrogen provides inert atmospheres for reactor blanketing and product storage.
Specialty gases including fluorine, chlorine, and various hydrocarbons act as reactants in synthesis processes. Carbon dioxide finds use in supercritical extraction and as a chemical intermediate. Precise gas mixtures enable catalyst activation, process control, and analytical applications throughout chemical manufacturing facilities.
Key Applications
Ammonia synthesis
Hydrogenation reactions
Oxidation processes
Reactor inerting
Catalyst activation
Supercritical extraction
Process analytics
Electronics & Semiconductors
The electronics industry demands ultra-high purity gases for semiconductor fabrication, flat panel display manufacturing, and photovoltaic cell production. Even trace impurities at parts-per-billion levels can compromise device performance and yield.
Semiconductors
Silane, germane, and dopant gases for thin film deposition. Nitrogen trifluoride and fluorine for chamber cleaning. Ultra-high purity nitrogen, hydrogen, and argon as carrier and purge gases.
Electronic Components
Forming gases for soldering, nitrogen for reflow ovens, and specialty gases for plasma etching and surface treatment of electronic components and assemblies.
Photonics
Rare gases for laser applications, specialty gas mixtures for optical fiber manufacturing, and ultra-pure gases for photonic device fabrication and testing.
Ensuring Food Integrity: Specialized Gas Solutions for the Saudi Food & Beverage Sector
In Saudi Arabia's rapidly growing food and beverage industry, maintaining product quality, extending shelf life, and ensuring food safety are paramount. Our industrial gases are engineered to meet the stringent local regulations, including SASO food safety standards, and are available with full Halal certification for all food-grade applications.
01
Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP)
Utilizing precise blends of nitrogen and carbon dioxide, MAP technology displaces oxygen to significantly slow oxidation and microbial growth, extending the shelf life of fresh produce, meats, and dairy products essential for the Saudi market.
02
Cryogenic Freezing Solutions
Liquid nitrogen and CO2 enable ultra-rapid freezing, preserving the texture, flavor, and nutritional value of food items, particularly beneficial for meat and poultry products vital to the Saudi diet, surpassing conventional freezing methods.
03
Food-Grade Carbonation
Certified food-grade carbon dioxide is crucial for creating the characteristic fizz in soft drinks, beer, and sparkling water, meeting consumer preferences while also acting as an effective preservative, all in compliance with local quality expectations.
04
Controlled Processing Atmospheres
Implementing controlled atmospheric conditions during food processing prevents oxidation, maintains desirable product color, and inhibits bacterial growth throughout production, ensuring high-quality, safe products for the local food processing industry.
For tailored solutions or to discuss your specific requirements with our food industry specialists, please contact us:
Glass manufacturing requires precise temperature control and atmospheric conditions. Oxygen enrichment of combustion air increases flame temperature and melting efficiency in glass furnaces, reducing energy consumption by up to 20% while increasing production rates.
Nitrogen provides protective atmospheres during float glass production, preventing oxidation of the molten tin bath. Hydrogen-nitrogen forming gas mixtures create reducing atmospheres for specialty glass applications.
Quality Enhancement
Controlled atmospheres during annealing prevent surface defects and stress in finished glass products. Helium enables leak testing of sealed glass units and insulated glazing. Specialty gases support coating processes for low-emissivity windows and decorative glass treatments.
Ultra-pure gases are essential for optical fiber manufacturing, where even minute impurities affect light transmission properties critical to telecommunications applications.
Healthcare Applications
Medical gases are indispensable for patient care across all healthcare settings, from critical emergency response to complex surgical procedures and long-term therapeutic interventions. Air Gases Company is committed to providing pharmaceutical-grade medical gases that adhere to the most stringent international quality standards, including those mandated by the Saudi Ministry of Health (MoH) and the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA). Our dedication ensures full compliance with local and global regulatory frameworks, guaranteeing safety and efficacy for healthcare providers across the Kingdom.
Oxygen Therapy
Medical oxygen supports patients with respiratory conditions, during surgery, and in emergency situations. Available in various delivery systems from portable cylinders to bulk liquid systems for hospitals.
Anesthetic Gases
Nitrous oxide provides analgesia and anesthesia for surgical and dental procedures. Medical air serves as a carrier gas for inhaled anesthetics and powers respiratory equipment.
Cryotherapy
Liquid nitrogen enables cryosurgery for removing abnormal tissue, treating skin conditions, and preserving biological samples including blood, tissue, and reproductive cells.
Diagnostic Applications
Specialty gas mixtures calibrate medical instruments, test lung function, and support various diagnostic procedures requiring precise gas compositions.
For expert consultation and tailored solutions from our dedicated Saudi healthcare gas specialists, please reach out to us at info@airgasesco.com or call Technical Support: +966 51 170 5715.
Research & Laboratory Applications
Laboratories and research centers across academia, government, and industry rely on high-purity gases for analytical instrumentation, synthesis, and experimental work. Air Gases Company supplies research-grade gases with certified purity levels and comprehensive documentation.
Carrier gases for chromatography, detector gases for mass spectrometry, and calibration standards for environmental and quality control analysis.
Materials Research
Controlled atmospheres for crystal growth, thin film deposition, and materials characterization. Cryogenic cooling for superconductivity research and low-temperature physics.
Life Sciences
Carbon dioxide incubators for cell culture, liquid nitrogen for sample preservation, and specialty gas mixtures for physiological research and biotechnology applications.
Advanced Research
Ultra-high purity gases for particle physics, rare isotopes for nuclear research, and custom gas mixtures for cutting-edge scientific investigations.
Metal Production & Processing
Industrial gases are indispensable throughout the metals industry, from primary production to fabrication to finishing. They enhance productivity, improve quality, and enable processes that would be impossible with air alone.
Primary Production
Oxygen enrichment in blast furnaces increases iron production rates. Argon-oxygen mixtures in electric arc furnaces improve steel quality and reduce processing time.
Heat Treatment
Controlled atmospheres during annealing, hardening, and tempering prevent oxidation and decarburization while achieving desired metallurgical properties.
Welding & Cutting
Shielding gases protect weld pools from atmospheric contamination. Oxygen and fuel gas mixtures enable precision cutting of steel and other metals.
Surface Treatment
Nitrogen atmospheres for brazing, carburizing, and nitriding. Specialty gases for plasma coating and ion implantation surface hardening processes.
Metal Fabrication Excellence
Welding Applications
Different welding processes require specific shielding gases. Argon provides excellent arc stability for TIG welding of aluminum and stainless steel. Carbon dioxide offers deep penetration for MIG welding of carbon steel. Mixed gases like argon-CO₂ blends optimize both arc characteristics and weld quality.
Helium additions increase heat input for welding thick sections. Nitrogen serves as a backing gas for stainless steel to prevent sugaring on the root side. Hydrogen additions to argon increase welding speed on austenitic stainless steels.
Cutting & Forming
Oxy-fuel cutting uses oxygen with acetylene, propane, or natural gas to cut carbon steel economically. Plasma cutting with nitrogen, air, or argon-hydrogen mixtures cuts stainless steel and aluminum with superior edge quality.
Laser cutting employs nitrogen or oxygen assist gases depending on material and desired edge finish. Nitrogen prevents oxidation for clean edges on stainless steel, while oxygen accelerates cutting of carbon steel through exothermic reaction.
New Energy Technologies
Industrial gases enable the transition to sustainable energy systems. From hydrogen fuel cells to solar panel manufacturing to battery production, gases play crucial roles in developing and deploying clean energy technologies.
Hydrogen Energy
Ultra-pure hydrogen for fuel cells, hydrogen production via electrolysis, and hydrogen storage solutions supporting the hydrogen economy.
Solar Energy
Specialty gases for photovoltaic cell manufacturing including silane for silicon deposition and dopant gases for semiconductor processing.
Wind Energy
Gases for composite blade manufacturing, heat treatment of drivetrain components, and maintenance of turbine systems.
Energy Storage
Controlled atmospheres for lithium-ion battery production, specialty gases for electrolyte synthesis, and helium leak testing of battery packs.
Nuclear Energy
Helium for reactor cooling, specialty gases for fuel processing, and isotopes for medical and industrial applications.
Oil & Gas Industry
The oil and gas sector utilizes industrial gases throughout exploration, production, refining, and petrochemical operations. Gases enhance recovery, improve processing efficiency, and enable advanced analytical techniques.
Exploration & Production
Nitrogen for well stimulation and pressure maintenance. Helium for leak detection in subsea equipment. Specialty gases for downhole logging and formation analysis.
Refining
Hydrogen for hydrocracking and desulfurization. Nitrogen for blanketing and purging. Oxygen for gasification and partial oxidation processes.
Petrochemicals
Ethylene, propylene, and other hydrocarbon feedstocks. Synthesis gases for chemical production. Analytical standards for quality control.
Pharmaceutical & Biotechnology
The pharmaceutical and biotech industries demand the highest purity gases with complete traceability and regulatory compliance. Air Gases Company provides pharmaceutical-grade gases meeting FDA, USP, and international pharmacopeia standards.
Drug Manufacturing
Nitrogen for inerting reactors and blanketing products. Carbon dioxide for supercritical fluid extraction and processing. Specialty gases for synthesis and purification.
Biopharmaceuticals
Carbon dioxide for cell culture incubators. Nitrogen for cryopreservation of cell lines and biological materials. Mixed gases for bioreactor control.
Quality Control
Carrier gases for chromatography. Calibration standards for analytical instruments. Specialty gases for testing and validation.
Packaging
Nitrogen for blister pack flushing and bottle purging. Modified atmosphere packaging for moisture-sensitive products. Leak detection gases for package integrity testing.
Pulp & Paper Production
Process Enhancement
Oxygen delignification reduces chemical consumption and environmental impact in pulp bleaching. Oxygen enrichment of recovery boilers increases energy efficiency and production capacity. Ozone bleaching provides an environmentally friendly alternative to chlorine-based bleaching processes.
Nitrogen inerting prevents fires and explosions in pulp dryers and paper machines. Carbon dioxide controls pH in pulp washing and wastewater treatment systems.
Quality & Efficiency
Controlled atmospheres during paper coating and drying improve product quality and reduce defects. Oxygen measurement and control optimize combustion efficiency in power boilers.
Specialty gases support analytical testing of pulp properties, paper strength, and coating performance throughout the manufacturing process.
Space Exploration
Space applications demand gases of exceptional purity and reliability. Air Gases Company supports aerospace programs with specialty gases for propulsion, life support, and testing.
Rocket Propulsion
Liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as cryogenic rocket propellants. Helium for pressurization of propellant tanks and purging of fuel systems.
Life Support
Oxygen for breathing atmospheres in spacecraft and space suits. Nitrogen for atmosphere dilution. Carbon dioxide scrubbing systems for air revitalization.
Testing & Validation
Helium leak testing of spacecraft components. Specialty gases for environmental simulation chambers. Calibration gases for onboard analytical instruments.
Waste & Water Management
Industrial gases improve efficiency and environmental performance in waste treatment and water purification. Oxygen-based processes reduce energy consumption while achieving superior treatment results.
Wastewater Treatment
Oxygen enrichment of activated sludge processes increases treatment capacity and reduces tank size. Ozone disinfection eliminates pathogens without chemical residues.
Drinking Water
Ozone oxidation removes taste, odor, and color compounds. Oxygen aeration strips volatile organic compounds and improves dissolved oxygen levels.
Professional & Craftsmen Applications
Small businesses, workshops, and individual craftsmen rely on industrial gases for welding, cutting, heating, and specialty applications. Air Gases Company provides convenient cylinder sizes and expert technical support: +966 51 170 5715 for professional users.
Welding & Fabrication
MIG, TIG, and oxy-fuel welding gases in convenient cylinder sizes. Shielding gas mixtures optimized for different metals and applications. Cutting gases for steel fabrication.
Automotive Repair
Welding gases for body repair. Nitrogen for tire inflation. Refrigerants for air conditioning service. Calibration gases for emissions testing equipment.
Food Service
Carbon dioxide for beverage dispensing. Nitrogen for beer systems. Food-grade gases for modified atmosphere packaging in commercial kitchens.
Arts & Crafts
Oxy-fuel gases for glass blowing and metalworking. Specialty gases for artistic welding and sculpture. Small cylinders for hobbyist applications.
Featured Molecules: Essential Industrial Gases
Air Gases Company's encyclopedia covers over 60 molecules. Here we highlight some of the most widely used industrial gases that form the foundation of modern manufacturing and technology.
Fundamental Industrial Gases
Air
The atmosphere we breathe, also compressed and purified for industrial use. Compressed air powers pneumatic tools and equipment across all industries. Instrument air provides clean, dry air for control systems.
Nitrogen (N₂)
The most abundant gas in Earth's atmosphere at 78%. Inert properties make nitrogen ideal for blanketing, purging, and preventing oxidation. Cryogenic liquid nitrogen enables rapid freezing and cooling applications.
Oxygen (O₂)
Essential for combustion, oxidation, and life support. Industrial oxygen enrichment increases efficiency in metal production, waste treatment, and chemical processes. Medical oxygen supports patient care worldwide.
Argon (Ar)
Noble gas providing superior arc stability in welding. Argon's inert nature protects reactive metals during processing. Used in lighting, insulated windows, and semiconductor manufacturing.
Hydrogen: The Energy Carrier
Hydrogen (H₂)
The lightest element and a versatile industrial gas. Hydrogen serves as a key feedstock in ammonia synthesis, petroleum refining, and chemical production. Its high energy content makes hydrogen a promising clean fuel for transportation and power generation.
Cryogenic liquid hydrogen provides the highest energy density by weight of any chemical fuel, making it ideal for aerospace applications. Hydrogen fuel cells convert chemical energy directly to electricity with only water as a byproduct.
Safety Considerations
Hydrogen is highly flammable with a wide flammability range in air (4-75%). Colorless, odorless, and tasteless, hydrogen requires gas detection systems for safe handling. Small molecule size enables hydrogen to permeate many materials and leak through tiny openings.
Proper ventilation, explosion-proof equipment, and trained personnel are essential when working with hydrogen.
Carbon Dioxide Applications
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a versatile industrial gas with applications spanning food and beverage, chemical processing, environmental control, and emerging carbon capture technologies.
Carbonation
Creates fizz in soft drinks, beer, and sparkling water while acting as a preservative
Fire Suppression
Non-conductive and residue-free fire extinguishing for electrical and sensitive equipment
Extraction
Supercritical CO₂ extracts flavors, fragrances, and pharmaceuticals without chemical residues
Greenhouse Enrichment
Enhances plant growth and crop yields in controlled environment agriculture
Cooling & Freezing
Solid CO₂ (dry ice) provides -78°C cooling without water residue
Specialty Gases: Helium & Noble Gases
Noble gases possess unique properties that make them indispensable for specialized applications despite their relative scarcity and higher cost.
Helium (He)
The second lightest element with the lowest boiling point of any substance. Helium's inertness and low density make it ideal for leak detection, lifting applications, and cryogenic cooling. Critical for MRI magnets and scientific research requiring ultra-low temperatures.
Neon (Ne)
Famous for its distinctive red-orange glow in discharge tubes. Neon lighting creates vibrant signage and artistic displays. Also used in laser technology, cryogenic refrigeration, and as a component in specialty gas mixtures.
Krypton (Kr)
Used in high-performance lighting including photographic flash lamps and airport runway lights. Krypton-filled windows provide superior insulation. Radioactive krypton-85 serves as a tracer gas in leak detection.
Xenon (Xe)
The heaviest stable noble gas. Xenon produces brilliant white light in high-intensity discharge lamps and automotive headlights. Medical applications include anesthesia and imaging. Ion propulsion systems use xenon for spacecraft.
Hydrocarbon Gases
Hydrocarbon gases serve as fuels, chemical feedstocks, and refrigerants. Their properties vary significantly with molecular structure, enabling diverse applications across industries.
Methane (CH₄)
Primary component of natural gas. Clean-burning fuel for heating and power generation. Feedstock for hydrogen production and chemical synthesis.
Ethylene (C₂H₄)
Most produced organic compound globally. Building block for polyethylene plastics. Used in fruit ripening and as a chemical intermediate.
Propane (C₃H₈)
Versatile fuel for heating, cooking, and vehicles. Feedstock for petrochemical production. Refrigerant in industrial and commercial applications.
Butane (C₄H₁₀)
Fuel for portable stoves and lighters. Blending component in gasoline. Feedstock for synthetic rubber and other chemicals.
Acetylene: The Hottest Flame
Acetylene (C₂H₂)
Acetylene produces the hottest flame of any fuel gas when burned with oxygen, reaching temperatures up to 3,480°C (6,300°F). This extreme heat makes acetylene ideal for welding and cutting steel and other metals.
Beyond metalworking, acetylene serves as a chemical intermediate in producing plastics, chemicals, and specialty materials. Its triple bond makes acetylene highly reactive and useful in organic synthesis.
Safety & Handling
Acetylene is highly flammable and unstable at pressures above 15 psig. Special acetylene cylinders contain porous material saturated with acetone to safely dissolve and stabilize the gas.
Never use copper or copper alloys (except approved brass) with acetylene, as explosive copper acetylides can form. Proper flashback arrestors and regulators are essential safety equipment for acetylene systems.
Ammonia: Foundation of Agriculture
Ammonia (NH₃) is one of the most produced chemicals worldwide, with over 150 million tons manufactured annually. Its primary use is in fertilizer production, supporting global food production for billions of people.
Fertilizer Production
Primary use supporting global agriculture and food security
Refrigeration
Efficient refrigerant in industrial cooling systems
Chemical Synthesis
Feedstock for nitric acid and other chemical production
Emissions Control
Reducing agent for NOx emissions control in power plants
Beyond agriculture, ammonia serves as an efficient refrigerant in industrial systems, a feedstock for producing nitric acid and other chemicals, and a reducing agent for NOx emissions control. Ammonia is also emerging as a potential carbon-free fuel and hydrogen carrier for the energy transition.
Fluorine & Fluorinated Compounds
Fluorine (F₂) is the most reactive element, forming compounds with nearly every other element. This extreme reactivity requires specialized handling but enables unique applications impossible with other chemicals.
Fluorine-Based Gases
Fluorine Gas
Used in semiconductor manufacturing for chamber cleaning and etching. Produces uranium hexafluoride for nuclear fuel processing. Synthesizes fluorinated pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals.
Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF₃)
Safer alternative to fluorine for semiconductor chamber cleaning. More efficient than older cleaning gases with lower global warming potential. Critical for advanced chip manufacturing.
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆)
Excellent electrical insulator for high-voltage equipment. Used in magnesium casting to prevent oxidation. Tracer gas for leak detection and atmospheric studies.
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons
Refrigerants, propellants, and specialty solvents. Includes HFCs, HFOs, and other compounds designed for specific applications with reduced environmental impact.
Chlorine Compounds
Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)
Dissolves in water to form hydrochloric acid, one of the most important industrial chemicals. Used in steel pickling, pH control, and chemical synthesis. Semiconductor industry uses ultra-pure HCl for wafer cleaning and etching.
Anhydrous HCl serves as a catalyst in organic synthesis and polymer production. Food industry uses HCl for pH adjustment and corn syrup processing.
Chlorinated Hydrocarbons
Methyl chloride, methylene chloride, and other chlorinated compounds serve as solvents, refrigerants, and chemical intermediates. Many traditional applications are being phased out due to environmental concerns.
Modern chlorinated compounds are designed for specific applications with improved safety and environmental profiles. Strict regulations govern production, use, and disposal of chlorinated materials.
Sulfur Compounds
Sulfur-containing gases play important roles in chemical processing, environmental control, and analytical applications, though many require careful handling due to toxicity or corrosivity.
1
Sulfur Dioxide (SO₂)
Used in wine and food preservation as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. Chemical intermediate for sulfuric acid production. Refrigerant in industrial systems. Requires careful handling due to toxicity.
2
Hydrogen Sulfide (H₂S)
Extremely toxic gas requiring specialized safety equipment and training. Used in analytical chemistry and metallurgy. Naturally occurring in petroleum and natural gas, requiring removal before use.
3
Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF₆)
Exceptional electrical insulation properties for high-voltage switchgear. Inert and non-toxic but potent greenhouse gas requiring emission controls. Used in magnesium casting and as a tracer gas.
Nitrogen Oxides
Nitrogen forms several oxide compounds with distinct properties and applications. While some are environmental pollutants requiring control, others serve valuable purposes in medicine and industry.
Nitrous Oxide (N₂O)
Medical anesthetic and analgesic known as "laughing gas." Used in dentistry and surgery for pain relief and sedation. Also serves as an oxidizer in racing engines and aerosol propellant in food products.
Nitric Oxide (NO)
Important signaling molecule in human physiology. Medical applications include treating pulmonary hypertension in newborns. Used in analytical chemistry and as a chemical intermediate. Atmospheric pollutant from combustion.
Nitrogen Dioxide (NO₂)
Reddish-brown toxic gas used in chemical synthesis. Oxidizing agent for rocket propellants. Major air pollutant from vehicle emissions and industrial processes requiring emission controls.
Silane & Silicon Compounds
Silane (SiH₄)
Silane is essential for semiconductor and solar cell manufacturing, where it deposits high-purity silicon films through chemical vapor deposition. This process creates the silicon layers that form the foundation of computer chips and photovoltaic cells.
Silane is pyrophoric, meaning it spontaneously ignites in air, requiring specialized handling systems with inert gas purging and leak detection. Despite these challenges, silane's ability to deposit ultra-pure silicon makes it irreplaceable in electronics manufacturing.
Related Compounds
Dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, and other silicon compounds serve similar purposes with different deposition characteristics. Germane (GeH₄) deposits germanium for specialized semiconductor applications.
Silicon tetrafluoride and other fluorinated silicon compounds are used in glass etching and surface treatment processes.
Deuterium & Isotopes
Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. Stable isotopes serve as tracers, standards, and specialized materials in research and industry.
Deuterium (D₂)
Heavy hydrogen with one proton and one neutron. Used in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy as a solvent and lock signal. Potential fuel for fusion reactors. Tracer in chemical and biological research.
Carbon-13
Stable carbon isotope used in NMR spectroscopy and metabolic studies. Tracer for studying carbon cycling in environmental research. Medical breath tests for diagnosing bacterial infections.
Oxygen-18
Heavy oxygen isotope used in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Tracer for studying water movement in environmental and biological systems. Paleoclimate research uses O-18 ratios in ice cores.
Nitrogen-15
Stable nitrogen isotope for agricultural research studying fertilizer uptake and nitrogen cycling. Tracer in protein metabolism studies. NMR spectroscopy applications in biochemistry.
Ozone: Powerful Oxidizer
Ozone (O₃) is a powerful oxidizing agent used for water treatment, air purification, and industrial processes. While ozone in the stratosphere protects Earth from UV radiation, ground-level ozone is a pollutant. Industrial ozone is generated on-site from oxygen or air.
Water Disinfection
Ozone kills bacteria, viruses, and parasites more effectively than chlorine without creating harmful disinfection byproducts. Removes taste, odor, and color compounds from drinking water.
Wastewater Treatment
Advanced oxidation with ozone breaks down pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and other micropollutants that conventional treatment cannot remove.
Industrial Applications
Bleaching of pulp and paper, textiles, and oils. Oxidation of organic compounds in chemical synthesis. Surface treatment of plastics to improve adhesion and printability.
Rare & Specialty Gases
Beyond common industrial gases, Air Gases Company supplies rare and specialty gases for cutting-edge research, advanced manufacturing, and specialized applications.
Excimer Laser Gases
Rare gas halides like argon fluoride and krypton fluoride produce ultraviolet laser light for semiconductor lithography, eye surgery, and materials processing.
Ion Implantation Gases
Boron trifluoride, phosphine, arsine, and other dopant gases modify semiconductor electrical properties through ion implantation processes.
Calibration Standards
Precisely blended gas mixtures with certified compositions for calibrating analytical instruments, emissions monitors, and safety detectors.
Research Gases
Custom gas mixtures, ultra-high purity gases, and rare isotopes supporting scientific research in universities, national laboratories, and corporate R&D facilities.
Gas Mixtures & Blends
Many applications require precise mixtures of two or more gases. Air Gases Company produces certified gas mixtures for welding, analytical, medical, and specialty applications with guaranteed accuracy.
Welding Mixtures
Argon-CO₂, argon-oxygen, and argon-helium blends optimized for different metals and welding processes. Custom mixtures available for specialized applications.
Analytical Mixtures
Calibration standards for gas chromatography, emissions monitoring, and environmental analysis. Certified to international standards with full traceability.
Medical Mixtures
Oxygen-helium (Heliox) for respiratory therapy. Oxygen-nitrous oxide for anesthesia. Carbon dioxide-oxygen for respiratory stimulation. All meeting pharmaceutical standards.
Cryogenic Liquids
Gases liquefied at extremely low temperatures provide efficient storage and transportation while enabling unique applications. Cryogenic liquids require specialized equipment and safety procedures.
-196°C
Liquid Nitrogen
Most common cryogenic liquid. Used for freezing, cooling, inerting, and purging across all industries.
-183°C
Liquid Oxygen
Concentrated oxygen for medical, industrial, and aerospace applications. Requires special handling due to oxidizing properties.
-253°C
Liquid Hydrogen
Highest energy density by weight. Rocket fuel and emerging clean energy carrier. Extremely cold and flammable.
-269°C
Liquid Helium
Coldest cryogenic liquid. Essential for superconducting magnets in MRI and particle accelerators. Limited supply requires conservation.
Gas Purity Levels
Different applications require different gas purity levels. Air Gases Company supplies gases from industrial grade to ultra-high purity, with complete analysis and certification.
99.5% - Industrial Grade
Suitable for general manufacturing, welding, and non-critical applications where minor impurities are acceptable
99.99% - High Purity
Required for analytical instruments, electronics manufacturing, and applications sensitive to contamination
99.999% - Ultra-High Purity
Essential for semiconductor fabrication, research, and processes where even trace impurities affect results
99.9999% - Research Grade
Highest purity for demanding scientific research and advanced semiconductor processes requiring parts-per-billion purity
Strategic Gas Delivery Solutions for Saudi Arabia
Air Gases Company provides comprehensive gas delivery systems tailored to the unique demands of the Saudi market. We ensure seamless and compliant supply, from individual cylinders to large-scale bulk liquid systems, designed to meet your specific volume, purity, and operational requirements.
Regulatory Compliance & Standards
Our operations strictly adhere to all Saudi transportation regulations and are fully compliant with SASO (Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization) standards, guaranteeing safe and certified delivery of all gas products.
Extensive Delivery Network
Leverage our robust logistics network with guaranteed delivery coverage across all major Saudi cities, including Riyadh, Jeddah, Dammam, and Khobar, ensuring your operations are never interrupted.
Tailored Delivery Options
We offer a diverse range of delivery solutions: from high-pressure cylinders and cylinder packs to cryogenic dewars and bulk liquid tanks, optimized for efficiency and cost-effectiveness across various industrial and research applications.
For expert guidance on your gas supply needs or to discuss specialised logistics, please contact our dedicated specialists:
Portable and convenient for low to moderate usage. Available in various sizes from small lecture bottles to large industrial cylinders. Wide range of valve connections and pressure ratings.
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Liquid Dewars & Tanks
Cryogenic containers for liquid nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and other liquefied gases. Sizes from portable dewars to large stationary tanks. Vacuum-insulated for minimal product loss.
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Bulk Supply Systems
On-site storage tanks for high-volume users. Automatic monitoring and scheduled deliveries ensure continuous supply. Most economical option for large consumption.
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Pipeline Supply
Direct pipeline connection for very large users. Eliminates handling and storage requirements. Common for major industrial facilities and chemical plants.
Safety Equipment & Accessories
Safe gas handling requires proper equipment beyond the gas supply itself. Air Gases Company provides regulators, flowmeters, safety devices, and accessories for complete gas systems.
Regulators
Reduce high cylinder pressure to usable working pressure. Single-stage for general use, two-stage for consistent pressure. Specialized regulators for corrosive and reactive gases.
Flowmeters
Measure and control gas flow rates. Rotameters for visual indication, mass flow controllers for precise electronic control. Calibrated for specific gases.
Safety Devices
Flashback arrestors prevent flame propagation. Pressure relief devices protect against overpressure. Check valves prevent backflow. Gas detectors warn of leaks.
Manifolds & Distribution
Combine multiple cylinders for continuous supply. Automatic changeover systems switch between banks. Distribution panels route gas to multiple points of use.
Purifiers & Filters
Remove moisture, oxygen, hydrocarbons, and other contaminants. Point-of-use purifiers achieve ultra-high purity. Particulate filters protect equipment and processes.
Tubing & Fittings
Stainless steel tubing for gas distribution. Compression fittings for leak-tight connections. Specialty materials for corrosive gases. Flexible hoses for portable equipment.
Gas Handling Best Practices
Proper gas handling protects personnel, equipment, and product quality. Following established procedures and industry standards ensures safe and efficient gas use.
Training & Competency
Ensure all personnel handling gases receive proper training on hazards, safe handling procedures, and emergency response. Maintain training records and provide refresher courses regularly.
Cylinder Handling
Always secure cylinders to prevent falling. Use appropriate hand trucks for moving. Never drop, drag, or roll cylinders. Store cylinders in well-ventilated areas away from heat sources.
Leak Detection
Use approved leak detection solutions or electronic detectors. Never use flames to check for leaks. Install gas detection systems in enclosed areas where leaks could accumulate.
Emergency Preparedness
Develop and practice emergency procedures for gas leaks, fires, and exposure incidents. Maintain appropriate personal protective equipment and emergency response equipment readily accessible.
Regulatory Compliance
Industrial gas use is subject to various regulations covering transportation, storage, handling, and disposal. Air Gases Company helps customers navigate regulatory requirements and maintain compliance. Technical Support: +966 51 170 5715.
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Transportation Regulations
DOT regulations govern cylinder design, testing, labeling, and transportation. International shipments must comply with IATA and IMDG codes for air and sea transport.
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Workplace Safety
OSHA standards address gas storage, handling, and exposure limits. Hazard communication requires safety data sheets and employee training on chemical hazards.
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Environmental Regulations
EPA regulations control emissions of certain gases. Refrigerant regulations require recovery and recycling. Greenhouse gas reporting may apply to large users.
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Industry Standards
CGA standards provide best practices for gas equipment and systems. NFPA codes address fire safety. ISO standards ensure international quality and safety consistency.
Sustainability & Environmental Responsibility
Air Gases Company is committed to sustainable operations and helping customers reduce their environmental impact through efficient gas use and innovative technologies.
Reducing Carbon Footprint
Our production facilities employ energy-efficient technologies and renewable energy where possible. Optimized delivery routes minimize transportation emissions. Cylinder reuse and recycling programs reduce waste.
We help customers reduce emissions through oxygen enrichment, which improves combustion efficiency and reduces fuel consumption. Nitrogen inerting prevents oxidation, extending product life and reducing waste.
Enabling Clean Technologies
Industrial gases enable renewable energy production, from solar panel manufacturing to hydrogen fuel cells. Carbon capture technologies use our gases to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from industrial processes.
We support the circular economy through gas recovery and recycling systems. Our technical experts help customers optimize gas use, reducing consumption while maintaining or improving process performance.
Technical Support & Services
Air Gases Company provides comprehensive technical support to help customers select the right gases, design efficient systems, and troubleshoot problems. Our experts bring decades of experience across diverse industries.
Technical Support: +966 51 170 5715
Application Engineering
Our engineers work with you to understand your process requirements and recommend optimal gas solutions. We provide system design assistance, equipment selection, and process optimization.
Installation & Commissioning
Professional installation services ensure your gas system is properly set up and tested. We commission systems, train your personnel, and provide documentation for regulatory compliance.
Maintenance & Repair
Preventive maintenance programs keep your gas systems operating reliably. Our technicians service regulators, manifolds, and other equipment. Emergency repair services minimize downtime.
Training Programs
Comprehensive training on gas safety, handling procedures, and equipment operation. Customized programs for your specific applications and facility. Certification courses available.
Contact Air Gases Company - Saudi Operations
Our dedicated team in Saudi Arabia is ready to assist with all your industrial gas needs. Contact us for technical support, product information, quotes, or to place an order.
Dammam Office
Riyadh Office
Jeddah Office
Customer Service & Sales Inquiries: +966 53 743 7400